/*
 * T03n05.java -- Use DataOutputStream to create a binary file of ints
 * The ints will be read from the file in the next example program.
 * To write values of primitive types, the class DataOutputStream provides
 * appropriate methods.  DataOutputStream builds on FileOutputStream, which
 * in turn builds on File.  Here are (roughly) the reasons we need all three:
 *     We need to associate with a physical file (File)
 *     We need to have a way to write bytes to it (FileOutputStream)
 *     We need to convert primitive type values into bytes (DataOutputStream)
 *
 * A note on exceptions:  As I'll often do in these examples, I'm sacrificing
 * good programming practice in order to better focus on the topic at
 * hand.  So, instead of properly try/catching the individual statements that
 * can throw an IOException, I'm just lumping the whole block of code into
 * one try block.  At least this makes the file code clear.  And, it gave me
 * an opportunity to use a finally{} block. :-)
 */

import java.io.*;

public class T03n05
{
    public static void main (String [] args) 
    {
        final String     fileName = "T03n05.out";
        File             fileRef;
        FileOutputStream byteStream;
        DataOutputStream intStream = null;
        int[]            scores = { 43, 56, 54, 63, 49, -2 };

        System.out.println("Writing an array of ints to the file '"
                       + fileName + "'...");

        try {

            fileRef = new File(fileName);
            byteStream = new FileOutputStream(fileRef);
            intStream = new DataOutputStream(byteStream);

            for (int i = 0; i < scores.length; i++) {
                intStream.writeInt(scores[i]);
            }

            intStream.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println("I/O ERROR:  Something went wrong with the "
                             + "creation of the file of ints,\nbut because "
                             + "some lazy programmer dumped all of the file "
                             + "code into\none try block, I can't be more "
                             + "specific!  Here's what I can tell you:");
            System.out.println("  The Error: " + e.getClass().getName());
            String mesg = e.getMessage();
            if (mesg == null) {
                System.out.println("The message:  None.");
            } else {
                System.out.println("The message: " + mesg);
            }
            System.out.println("The stack trace:");
            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            System.out.println("Done!");

        }
    }
}