/*
 * T0Mn01.java ('M' for Miscellaneous)-- Remember T01n22.java?  OK,
 * probably not.  That was the example that stored book objects in an
 * array in no particular order.
 *
 * Now we know about BSTs, and how, so long as the tree is "bushy",
 * we'd rather search a BST than an unordered array.
 *
 * As with many other data structures and algorithms, Java's designers
 * have included a general-purpose tree class that allows us to
 * "map" identifying values to objects so that the objects can be
 * easily (and efficiently) retrieved later.
 *
 * This program uses the Book class from that earlier program example
 * to demonstrate how a TreeMap is used.  Three books are placed in the
 * TreeMap by their ISBN values, and a few of the available TreeMap
 * methods are demonstrated.
 */

import java.util.*;


        // The Book class, but now with private data members, a constructor,
        // and getters.

class Book
{
    private String isbn13;    // 13-digit ISBN
    private String title;     // The title of the book
    private String author;    // The name of the book's author
    private int    copyright; // The date the work was published (approx.)

    public Book (String isbn13, String title, String author, int copyright)
    {
        this.isbn13 = isbn13;  this.title = title;
        this.author = author;  this.copyright = copyright;
    }

    public String getISBN13 ()    { return isbn13; }
    public String getTitle ()     { return title; }
    public String getAuthor ()    { return author; }
    public int    getCopyright () { return copyright; }
}


public class T0Mn01
{
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {

                // Create a TreeMap object that uses Strings as keys
                // and Book objects as values.

        TreeMap <String,Book> library = new TreeMap <String,Book>();


                // Construct three book objects

        Book book1 = new Book("9780394800783","Horton Hears a Who",
                              "Dr. Suess",1954);
        Book book2 = new Book("9780385333849","Slaugherhouse-Five",
                              "Kurt Vonnegut",1969);
        Book book3 = new Book("0123456789012",
                              "Harry Potter and the Disfiguring Zit",
                              "J. K. Rowling",2017);


                // Add the three books to the map.  Note that we're using
                // the ISBN numbers as the keys; we want to be able to
                // uniquely identify the books.

        library.put(book1.getISBN13(),book1);
        library.put(book2.getISBN13(),book2);
        library.put(book3.getISBN13(),book3);


                // TreeMap supplies a variety of methods to query the
                // the map.  The following printlns demonstrate a few of them.

        System.out.println("\nThe library has " + library.size() + " books.");
        System.out.println("\nThe title of the book with with smallest ISBN ("
                         + library.firstKey() + ")\n\tis '"
                         + library.get(library.firstKey()).getTitle() + "'.");


                // Want to access every item in the map?  Here's one way to
                // do it.  The values() method returns a Collection of the
                // map's content, from which we can request an Iterator.

        System.out.println("\nThe books in the library are:");
        Iterator<Book> it = library.values().iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Book tome = it.next();
            System.out.println(tome.getISBN13() + ": '" + tome.getTitle()
                             + "' by " + tome.getAuthor()
                             + " (" + tome.getCopyright() + ")");
        }

                // Or we can hide some of the mess and use the enhanced FOR
                // loop!

//        for (Book tome: library.values()) {
//            System.out.println(tome.getISBN13() + ": '" + tome.getTitle()
//                             + "' by " + tome.getAuthor()
//                             + " (" + tome.getCopyright() + ")");
//        }

    }

}