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UNIX Reference Sheet
February 15, 1991NOTES OF INTEREST
If you type any letter of your username in uppercase, the UNIX system assumes that you are using a terminal that only has uppercase letters.Separate multiple commands on a single line with a semicolon.
Files starting with a "." may be hidden from the ls command.
UNIX commands allow the use of wild-characters or meta-characters. The list of wild-characters that UNIX understands are:
* - any arbitrary character string
? - any single character
[] - any single character within the []
[a-z] - range of characters
COMMANDS
apropos <keyword> - locate commands by <keyword> at time <commandfile> - execute <commandfile> at [time] at time [day] <commandfile> - execute <commandfile> at [time] and [day] cat <file> - display <file> cat <file1> <file2> > <file3> - <file3> contains <file1> <file2> concatenated cc <file>.c - UNIX C Compiler - compiles <file>.c cc -g <file>.c - produce additional symbol table info for use by dbx cc -o <outfile> <file>.c - output file is named <outfile> instead of a.out cd - change working directory to home directory cd <pathname> - change working directory to <pathname> directory chmod - changes the mode of a file or directory comm <file1> <file2> - display lines in <file1> <file2> lines in common comm [1] [2] [3] <file1> <file2> - suppresses printing of [1] [2] [3] column cmp file1 file2 - compare two files cmp [-l] file1 file2 - compare files and how they differ. cmp [-s] file1 file2 - compare files but only return codes. cp <file1> <file2> - copies <file1> to <file2> cp -i <file1> <file2> - if <file2> exists, will ask if wish to overwrite it date - display current date and time date -u - display current date and time in GMT (universal) time dbx - debugger diff <file1> <file2> - display differences between <file1> <file2> file <file> - tries to determine type of file grep <string> <file> - search for <string> in <file> grep -c <string> <file> - count of matching lines grep -n <string> <file> - display line number where match occurred grep -i <string> <file> - ignore case of <string> grep -x <string> <file> - lines matching in entirety are displayed head <file> - display first 10 lines of <file> head -[#] <file> - display first [#] lines of <file> kill <processid> - terminate a <processid> learn (1) - computer aided instruction about UNIX lint <file>.c - C program verifier - verifies <file>.c lpq - display printer queue lpr <file> - send <file> to line printer lpr -p <file> - format <file> before sending to line printer lpr -l <file> - allow control characters to be printed lpr -m <file> - send mail after <file> printed lpr -i <file> - printed lines are indent 8 spaces lpr -i [#] <file> - printed lines are indented [#] spaces lprm [#] - remove job [#] from printer queue lprm - - remove all jobs in print queue that you own ls - display sorted contents of directory (excludes .<file> ) ls -a - display all entries in directory ls -l - display contents of directory (long format) ls -t - display contents of directory (sort by time modified) ls -s - report size in kilobytes of directory mail - read mail mail <username> - send mail to <username> man [-k keyword] command - find manual information by keywords; print out the manual mesg - current status of mesg mesg n - deny message via write command mesg y - permit message via write command mkdir <directory> - creates <directory> with mode 777 mv <file1> <file2> - rename <file1> <file2> mv -i <file1> <file2> - if <file2> exists, ask if want to overwrite it mv -f <file1> <file2> - if <file2> exists, force overwrite of <file2> nice <command> - executes command with low priority nice [#] <command> - add [#] to base priority 10, higher number-lower priority passwd - change password pr <file> - prepare <file> pr [-n] <file> - prepared <file> has [-n] columns of output pr [+n] <file> - begin printing with page [+n] pr [-h] <string> <file> - <string> used as page header (default header - date) pr -l [n] <file> - length of page [n] (default - 66) pr -t <file> - do not print 5 line header or 5 line trailer print <file> - format <file> before sending to line printer ps - display information about your process ps a - display information about all users processes pwd - display pathname of current directory rm <file> - remove <file> (forced) rm -i <file> - remove <file> (confirmation) rm -r <file> - remove <file> (recursive) sort <file> - sort <file> sort -b <file> - ignore leading spaces and tabs sort -d <file> - only letters, digits, and blanks are used in comparisons sort -i <file> - ignore characters outside ASCII 040-0176 range sort -t[x] <file> - tab character separating field is [x] sort +[pos1] -[pos2] - start sort at [pos1] and end at [pos2] sort -o <fileout> <file> - output file is <fileout> split <file> - divide <file> into 1000 line segments (xaa, xab, ...) split <file> <fileout> - divide <file> into 1000s (fileoutaa, fileoutab,...) split -[n] <file> - divide <file> into [n] line segments stty - display terminal speed and all options set different from their defaults stty all - display all normally used options stty everything - display all stty options stty erase [c] - set erase character to [c] - default # stty kill [c] - set kill character to [c] - default @ stty intr [c] - set interrupt character to [c] - default ^? stty quit [c] - set quit character to [c] - default stty start [c] stty stop [c] - set stop character to [c] - default ^S stty eof [c] - set eof character to [c] - default ^D stty break [c] - set break character to [c] tail <file> - display last part of <file> wc -1 <file> - count number of lines in <file> wc -w <file> - count number of words in <file> wc -c <file> - count number of characters <file> whatis <command> - display header line from man page for <command> whereis <key> - locates source/binary or manual information for <key> whereis -s <file> - locate source code for <file> whereis -b <command> - locate binary code for <command> whereis -m <command> - locate manual information for <command> who - who is on system who am i - current user id write <ttyname> - write to <ttyname> write <username> <ttyname> - if <username> at more than 1 terminal. > - redirecting output ( ie. ls -l > who) >> <file> - append to end of <file> & - place a job into the background (ie. sort <file> & ) | - pipe ( ie. $who | wc -1 could be used to count # users)
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Last updated Monday, 07-Jan-2008 09:32:28 MST, by John Luiten
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