@PHDTHESIS{Collberg92,
   AUTHOR    = "Christian S. Collberg",
   TITLE     = "Flexible Encapsulation",
   SCHOOL    = "Lund University",
   MONTH     = dec,
   YEAR      = 1992,
   ABSTRACT  = "
Most modular programming languages provide an encapsulation concept.
Such concepts are used to protect the representational details of the
implementation of an abstraction from abuse by its clients. Unfortunately,
strict encapsulation is hindered by the separate compilation
facilities provided by modern languages. The goal of the work presented here
is to introduce techniques which allow modular languages to support both
separate compilation and strict encapsulation without undue translation-time
or execution-time cost.
\par
The Zuse design applies the principle of orthogonality to
encapsulation: every aspect of every exported item may be either hidden or
revealed. Specifically, Zuse supports three types of exported items:
abstract, semi-abstract, and concrete. These differ in the
amount of implementation information revealed to client modules: concrete
items reveal all representational details, semi-abstract items some, and
abstract items none. Exported items can also be paired with a 
protection clause that restricts the ways in which they may be manipulated
by particular clients.
\par
The four translation system designs presented in the third part of the
thesis assure -- through the use of intermediate code module binding -- that
the cost (in terms of execution-time and storage) of using an abstract or
semi-abstract item will be no greater than if the same item had been
concrete. In addition to performing the tasks of traditional system link
editors the sequential binder checks deferred context
conditions, performs inter-modular optimizations, and generates code for
deferred procedures. A deferred procedure is one for which the
compiler is unable to generate code because of references to imported
abstract items. Similarly, a deferred context condition is a static semantic
check which could not be performed at compile-time. The other translation
systems discussed in the thesis perform the same actions as the sequential
binder, but apply different techniques to improve performance: the 
distributed binder distributes its actions over the sites of a distributed
system such as a network of workstations, the incremental binder
inserts the code of modified modules in-place in the executable program, and
the hierarchical binder binds collections of modules into 
libraries which themselves cantake part in later binds.",
   KEYWORDS  = "COMPILER, SOFTENG, PROGLANG, DISTPROG, DISTCOMP, INCREMENTAL"
}